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Izabela, originally Elżbieta Dorota Czartoryska, née von Flemming, was born on March 31, 1745, in Warsaw to Jerzy Detloff Flemming, Grand...

(Izabela Czartoryska – About Myself) People often spoke of me in society! Some saw me too closely, others from too far away, and rarely...

Introduction to the text Child slavery in the Ottoman Empire Slavery, including child slavery, was widespread in the Ottoman Empire. The...

We set out in the morning from Kamieniec with Madame de Witt and many gentlemen who accompanied us. We arrived around noon in Khotyn. ...

During my stay in Tuczyn, having learned that Mr. Boreyko, a Volhynian landowner, possessed a remarkable garden in terms of the variety...

11805 In June I went to Lubień. There I took the waters and baths. These waters were weak and helped me little, but entertainment,...

My eldest son is one of those beings who are difficult to describe accurately, though easy to recognize. This is because every...

Mr. de Fondbrune was a French émigré. He came to Warsaw like many others, and from Warsaw, like many others, he came to Puławy. During...

Kościuszko's famous revolution was in the works, but I knew absolutely nothing about it and only learned of it after it had already taken...

Louis XVIII was staying in the Łazienki, living there with Madame d’Angoulême. At that time, the Duchy of Warsaw belonged to Prussia. The...

A. C. To want to paint the Soul, heart, mind, and virtues of Adam A. Cz. is both a difficult and vain task. Difficult, because there are...

Diary of the Journey to Gruszczyn Why this fantasy—to write down such simple events? I do not know myself. My heart compels me to do so....

A song sung in the camp near Gołąb _ Composed by Princess Izabela Czartoryska, General of the Podolia lands, 1791. Hey!… hey knights! Our...

Sebastian Piasecki, a Polish soldier, in the year 1809 was with the army in Puławy under the command of the unforgettable Prince Józef...

Mrs. Marshalowa Mniszkowa is at times peculiar in her feelings, and at other times comical. She came to Puławy and lamented over herself...

For centuries, circumstances had been gathering, slowly brewing this sad and dreadful epoch. Neither bravery nor courage could avert it....

You know, my dearest Marynia, that both from inclination and from necessity, my nature constantly urges me to stray onto byways and...

Ach! Mój mały ogród będzie mi zawsze drogi: bo zawsze kwitnący, zawsze zadbany, znajdę w nim każdego dnia nowe uroki, ofiarowane przez Naturę, zachowane przez moją pracę, docenione przez moją wdzięczność.

The 18th century was a time of great change in Poland — a period marked by political upheavals, a flourishing of culture, and the...